Summary Table: Income

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Summary Table: Income

Income from employment is a key indicator of economic well-being.

Gross monthly income from employment is the widest measure of income from employment, covering both employees and the self-employed. For income of a typical worker, look at the median gross monthly income. This is the income in the middle, after the workers are ranked by their income.

The quarterly average monthly earnings (AME) has been replaced with the quarterly average mean gross monthly income (GMI) from employment. The GMI provides broader coverage by including both salaried and self-employed individuals. Unlike the AME, which incorporates bonuses, the GMI excludes them, offering a clearer reflection of actual income trends for short-term comparisons.

The quarterly mean gross monthly income provides a timely gauge of average wage movement. The change in mean gross monthly income (change in income per worker) is a suitable statistic for comparison with the change in labour productivity (change in value-added per worker) as both are expressed on a “per worker” basis.

If you are interested in wage increases that employers give over the year, then look at the annual wage changes. This indicator provides a breakdown of changes in total wages into basic wages and bonuses.

As part of MRSD’s continued commitment to deliver accurate and relevant statistics on the labour market, our data collection processes have undergone an assessment by Ernst and Young Advisory Pte Ltd.

Gross Monthly Income From Employment

Median Gross Monthly Income From Employment (Including Employer CPF Contributions) of Full-Time Employed Residents

Mid-Year	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Levels ($)	3,770	3,949	4,056	4,232	4,437	4,563	4,534	4,680	5,070	5,197	5,500
Mid-Year	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024

Change in Median Gross Monthly Income From Employment (Including Employer CPF Contributions) of Full-Time Employed Residents

	Annualised Change (% p.a.)			Cumulative Change (%)
Mid-Year	2014 - 2024^P	2014 - 2019	2019 - 2024^P	2014 - 2024^P	2014 - 2019	2019 - 2024^P
Nominal	3.8	3.9	3.8	45.9	21.0	20.5
Real^	2.2	3.8	0.7	24.8	20.4	3.6
	Annualised Changed (% p.a.)			Cumulative Change (%)
Mid-Year	2013 - 2023^P	2013 - 2018	2018 - 2023^P	2013 - 2023^P	2013 - 2018	2018 - 2023^P

Source: Gross Monthly Income From Work - Comprehensive Labour Force Survey, Manpower Research & Statistics Department, MOM
Latest figures published in: Labour Force in Singapore Advance Release

Notes:

Data exclude full-time National Servicemen.
Data are for mid-year.
Residents refer to Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents.
Gross monthly income from employment refers to income earned from employment. For employees, it refers to the gross monthly wages or salaries before deduction of employee CPF contributions and personal income tax. It comprises basic wages, overtime pay, commissions, tips, other allowances. For self-employed persons, gross monthly income refers to the average monthly profits from their business, trade or profession (i.e. total receipts less business expenses incurred) before deduction of income tax.
As data are captured from a sample survey, year-on-year income changes are prone to fluctuations and hence should always be interpreted with caution. Income growth studied over longer periods (e.g. 5 or 10 years) smooths out these fluctuations and hence provides a more direct indication of income growth.
Data include one-twelfth of annual bonuses.
^ Deflated by Consumer Price Index (CPI) for all items at 2019 prices (2019 = 100).
p = preliminary as the full-year CPI data for 2024 is not available yet.

Mean Gross Monthly Income From Employment (Including Employer CPF Contributions and excluding bonus) of Employed Residents

	1Q 2023	2Q 2023	3Q 2023	4Q 2023	1Q 2024	2Q 2024	3Q 2024
Levels ($)	5,680	5,750	5,863	6,027	6,090	6,107	6,138
Mid-Year	1Q 2023	2Q 2023	3Q 2023	4Q 2023	1Q 2024	2Q 2024	3Q 2024

Change in Mean Gross Monthly Income From Employment (Including Employer CPF Contributions and excluding bonus) of Employed Residents

	1Q 2023 to 1Q 2024	2Q 2023 to 2Q 2024	3Q 2023 to 3Q 2024
Nominal	7.2%	6.2%	4.7%
Real^	4.1%	3.3%	2.5%
Mid-Year	1Q 2023 to 1Q 2024	1Q 2023

Source: Labour Force Survey, Manpower Research & Statistics Department, MOM

Notes:

Data exclude full-time National Servicemen.
Residents refer to Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents.
Gross monthly income from employment refers to income earned from employment. For employees, it refers to the gross monthly wages or salaries before deduction of employee CPF contributions and personal income tax. It comprises basic wages, overtime pay, commissions, tips, other allowances. For self-employed persons, gross monthly income refers to the average monthly profits from their business, trade or profession (i.e. total receipts less business expenses incurred) before deduction of income tax.
When studying the change in mean gross monthly income of any quarter, it would be more meaningful to compare it with the same quarter of prior years, so as to limit seasonal variations that mask the underlying actual trend in income.
^ Deflated by Consumer Price Index (CPI) for all items at 2019 prices (2019 = 100).

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Annual Wage Changes

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Total Wage Change Including Employer CPF Contributions (%)

Nominal	5.3	4.9	4.9	3.1	3.8	4.6	3.9	1.2	3.9	6.5	5.2
Real^	2.9	3.9	5.4	3.6	3.2	4.2	3.3	1.4	1.6	0.4	0.4

Basic Wage Change (%)

Nominal	5.1	4.9	4.2	3.5	3.6	4.0	3.8	2.1	3.2	5.1	5.0
Real^	2.7	3.9	4.7	4.0	3.0	3.6	3.2	2.3	0.9	-1.0	0.2

Bonus Quantum (Months of Basic Wage)	2.21	2.21	2.17	2.16	2.14	2.06	1.94	1.79	1.84	1.93	1.76
	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2012	2023

Annualised Change in Nominal and Real Wages

(% p.a.)

	Nominal		Real^
Period	Total Wage Change (Including Employer CPF)	Basic Wage Change	Real Total Wage Change (Including Employer CPF)	Real Basic Wage Change
2013-2023	4.2	3.9	2.7	2.5
2013-2018	4.3	4.0	4.1	3.8
2018-2023	4.1	3.8	1.4	1.1
	Nominal		Real^
Period	Total Wage Change (Including Employer CPF)	Basic Wage Change	Real Total Wage Change (Including Employer CPF)	Real Basic Wage Change

Source: Annual Wage Changes - Survey on Annual Wage Changes, Manpower Research & Statistics Department, MOM

Notes:

Data pertain to wage increases granted by private sector establishments (with at least 10 employees) to full-time resident employees in continuous employment for at least a year.

Data on bonus quantum for a reference year is collected twice. Once during the reference year and once more a year later to facilitate calculation of total wage changes in the same establishment received by a fixed cohort of employees. This table is based on bonus quantum collected in the reference year.

^ Deflated by Consumer Price Index for all items at 2019 prices (2019 = 100).

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​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Summary Table: Income

Summary Table: Income